Estructura De Las Percepciones De Riesgo En Torno A La Escasez Y El Desabasto De Agua Global Y Local
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37646/xihmai.v8i15.217Abstract
Resumen
Los estudios psicológicos de la sustentabilidad hídrica han demostrado que las situaciones específicas de desabasto de agua influyen en las acciones de ahorro. Si el desabasto es percibido como temporal o momentáneo, la percepción de riesgo tiende a disminuir influyendo en la inacción de los usuarios del servicio de agua potable. En tal contexto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue construir un instrumento para medir las dimensiones de la percepción de riesgo frente a situaciones extremas de disponibilidad hídrica. Para tal propósito, se revisaron los estudios perceptuales y se seleccionaron reactivos para su evaluación por jueces. La aplicación del instrumento se llevó a cabo con una muestra de 100 estudiantes. Los resultados muestran que la escala es confiable (alfa de .75) ya que es una evidencia de consistencia interna entre los reactivos y la escala. La validez se estableció con pesos factoriales superiores a .300 entre los indicadores y el factor perceptual. Los análisis de covarianza entre los indicadores perceptuales muestran la incidencia de otros factores cognitivos y el modelo reflectivo indicó un ajuste entre las relaciones hipotéticas y las relaciones observadas (X2 = 17.645; 23 grados de libertad; p = .000). A partir de los hallazgos se infiere que la percepción de riesgos es multidimensional ya que la heterogeneidad de expectativas corresponde con la diversidad de riesgos en torno a la escasez y desabasto.
Palabras claves: Escasez, Desabasto, Percepción, Riesgo y Multidimensionalidad
Abstract
Psychological studies of water sustainability have shown that the specific situations of water shortage affecting saving actions. If the shortage is perceived as temporary or momentary perception of risk tends to decrease inaction influencing users' water service. In this context, the objective of this study was to construct an instrument to measure the dimensions of perceived risk from extremes of water availability. For this purpose, we reviewed and selected perceptual reagents for evaluation by judges. The application of the instrument was carried out on a sample of 100 students. The results show that the scale is reliable (alpha .75) as it is an evidence of internal consistency between the reactants and scale. Validity was established with factor loadings above .300 between indicators and the perceptual factor. Analyses of covariance between perceptual indicators show the incidence of cognitive and other factors indicated a reflective model fit between the hypothesized relationships and the relationships observed (X2 = 17 645, 23 degrees of freedom, p = .000). From the findings it appears that the perception of risk is multidimensional and that heterogeneity of expectations match the diversity of risks around scarcity and shortage.
Keywords: Scarcity, shortage, Perception, Risk and Multidimensionality
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Copyright (c) 2013 Cruz García Lirios, Javier Carreón Guillén, Juan Mecalco Ortiz, Jorge Hernández Valdés, Miguel Bautista Miranda, Agustín Méndez Martínez
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