La Frontera Cultural Meso-Aridoamericana: Construcción De Imaginarios Nacionalistas En La Historia Mexicana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37646/xihmai.v9i18.244Abstract
Resumen
La noción de frontera valida ciertas interpretaciones sobre la historia de una nación: lugar donde se nace y comparte con los demás una identidad, un modo de entenderse a sí mismo en relación con otros, con los que pertenecen a ese entorno y los que son ajenos o viven más allá de los confines que los dividen y separan. Aquí se discute la pertinencia de aplicar el término frontera cultural a la presunta división regional entre grupos sedentarios agrícolas mesoamericanos y grupos chichimecas seminómadas de los desiertos del actual norte de México. Para ello se aborda el papel jugado por Mesoamérica y la Gran Chichimeca en la conformación de imaginarios étnicos y nacionalistas, especialmente el nahua-centrismo impuesto por la conquista española, y la reivindicación del pasado prehispánico como constitutivo de la historia de México, enfatizando el contraste entre la reivindicación oficial del mestizaje a partir de la derrota militar de Tenochtitlán y la exégesis chicana que invoca su pasado en Aztlán, tierra mítica de origen de los mexicanos.
Palabras clave: Frontera cultural, nacionalismo, nahua-centrismo
Abstract
The notion of frontier validates interpretations of national history: the place of birth where one shares an identity with others, a way to understand oneself in relation to those who belong and those who are foreign and live beyond the boundaries that divide and separate them. Here, we discuss the of use of terms like cultural frontier to talk of a presumed regional split between sedentary agricultural Mesoamerican groups and semi-nomad Chichimecas of today’s northern Mexican deserts. We focus on the role of both Mesoamerica and the Great Chichimeca in the construction of ethnic and nationalist imaginaries, particularly the Nahua-centric portrayal imposed by Spanish conquerors, as well as the vindication of a pre-Hispanic past as constitutive of Mexican history. By doing so, we emphasise the contrast between the official confirmation of cultural and racial blending (mestizaje) after Tenochtitlan military defeat and the Chicano validation of Aztlan as the Mexicans’ mythical homeland.
Keywords: Cultural frontier, nationalism, Nahua-centrism
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Copyright (c) 2014 Adriana Gómez Aíza, Sergio Sánchez Vázquez
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